# Heat & Fluids

The heat needed to warm a material equals its mass times its specific heat times the temperature change, so heating 1 kg of water by 10 °C takes about 41.8 kJ. Fluid problems add pressure, density and buoyancy, flow in pipes and Bernoulli's equation, alongside heat transfer and thermal expansion.

## Tools

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Category: [Science & Engineering Calculators](https://techolm.com/science-calculators)